Interesting article.
Many of such phrases I refuse to use, just because often they've been used to much.
"Furthermore" for instance is one of the words I never use.
My reason is: Many people use "Furthermore," either because they have subconsciously copied it from reading much books (and are not very creative in finding something to replace the word with), the others consciously convert this to their writing and speech to impress by letting others know they're readers...
And because a ton of books contain this word, most probably this is why CHAT is using them a lot.
But I don't think using those phrases indicates the use of AI per se.
I've avoided the AI as much as possible over the last year, and focussed on writing stuff I wanted to write. But I don't want to neglect it completely, and I use it to check on myself. What CHAT says about the things I write or want to write about.
It helps me to notice gaps or unclear matter. Perhaps something new to explore, because when you know certain things about a particular field, or by experience, it's easier to detect it's flaws. And there are many.
I think AI can help us expand our own curiosity.
And, I lf you're serious with writing and like to write on Medium, you don't want AI published articles. You might as well stop writing then.